Optics for Meteorology and Climatology

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1. Protective Domes for Pyranometers

Pyranometers are used to measure solar radiation incident on a Earth surface. The devices are specially designed to measure the density of solar radiation flux (W/m²) from the entire upper hemisphere.

To protect an absorbing sensor from wind, precipitation, and long wavelength radiation, special glass domes are used. TYDEX produces protective domes from different types of quarts and glass without any coatings. Typical diameters range from 30 to 50 mm but parts with sizes up to 100 mm can be produced also.

Protective domes are custom made in compliance with customers’ demands.

Specification:

Pyranometers with TYDEX protection domes are used in meteorology, climatology, enviroment monitoring, and energy savings researches. Instruments are suited for the incoming solar radiation measurement in 0.3-3 μm range.

They fully comply with ISO 9060 standards, and meet the requirements defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).

2. Filters for Pyrgeometers

A pyrometer is a device for measuring the effective radiation of the Earth's surface, i.e. the difference between the natural radiation of the earth's surface and the counter radiation of the atmosphere. They operate in the mid- and far-infrared ranges of the spectrum.

To cut off the short wavelength part of a spectrum (<4.5 μm) a filter element is used. TYDEX produces the filters from Silicon as plano-plano windows or meniscus lenses. The internal side is coated with a solar-blind coating, which transmission parameters may vary in a range from 4.5 to 45 μm. The filter’s outside surface is protected with a diamond-like coating (DLC) from mechanical damage and negative environment impact including high humidity.

Pyrgeometers based on TYDEX filters were successfully tested and certified in the Davos Physical Meteorological Observatory (Switzerland).

Specification:

Fig. 1. Transmission spectra of filter for pyrgeometers.

3. Domes with a Neutral Density Filter

For proper working of a sky camera the solar radiation should be correctly dosed. Otherwise superfluous heating of covering dome may increase humidity which results in water drops on the inner surface of the dome. To solve this task TYDEX offers special coating to attenuate the incoming solar flux - neutral density filter.

This coating makes it possible to reach a transmittance of around 1% (OD 2.0) across the visible spectrum.

Specification:

Fig. 2. Dependence of transmission on the angle of incidence.

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